HSEb Notes on Arterial System | Circulation Class 12 Zoology

Biology | Zoology
HSEB Notes on Arterial system | Circulation
Class : 12

There are many arteries in the body. They distribute blood to different parts of body. All these arteries together make arterial system. This system supply pure blood to body organs and impure blood to lungs.  Pulmonary aorta arises from right ventricle. It divides to two branches. They are pulmonary arteries. These arteries supply impure blood to two lungs. 

Aortic arch arises from the left ventricle. It gives one branch called innominate on the right side. It divides into right common carotid and right subclavian. On the left side, aortic arch gives left common carotid and left subclavian. The right and left common carotids ascend up through neck. In the head region, they divide into internal and external carotids. The internal carotids supply pure blood to brain. The external carotids supply to outer part of head region such jaw, tongue, face etc. The right and left subclavians enter into the fore limbs(hand). Subclavians divide into radial and ulnare arteries. They all supply pure blood to different parts of hand. There are vertebral arteries also to supply blood to neck region. 

The aortic arch runs down and forms the dorsal aorta. It gives many branches. In the chest, there are intercostal arteries to supply blood to intercostal muscles. One pair of inferior phrenic arteries supply blood to the lower part of diaphragm. One coliac artery comes out from the dorsal aorta. It divides into the hepatic and leinogastric arteries. Hepatic artery supplies blood to liver. The leinogastric supplies blood to stomach and spleen. The superior mesenteric arteries divides into many branches and supply blood to duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The right and left renal arteries supply blood to the kidneys. The genital arteries supply blood to testes in male and ovaries in female. The lumbar arteries supply blood to the wall of abdomen. The inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the large intestine like ascending, transverse, descending colon, pelvic colon and rectum. 

Then the dorsal aorta divides into two branches called common iliacs. They enter into two legs. The right and left iliacs give small internal iliacs to supply blood to urinary bladder. The external iliacs give deep femoral which supply blood to thigh. The external iliacs run down as popliteal. These divide into anterior and posterior tibials. They supply blood to lower part of leg.

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