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Showing posts with label Physics Class 11. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Physics Class 11. Show all posts

Tuesday, May 14, 2013

Four Stroke Petrol Engine - Working and Principle with P-V Diagram

Physics | Reference Article
Working of a Four Stroke Petrol Engine and its Principle
For : Class 11
Physics

Principle of a Four Stroke Petrol Engine
The principle used in a four stroke petrol engine is commonly known as Otto Cycle. It states that there would be one power stroke for every four strokes. Such engines use a spark plug which is used for the ignition of the combustible fuel used in the engine. Most of the cars, bikes and trucks use a 4 stroke engines.

Friday, March 22, 2013

48 Possible Questions for Entrance Exam of Class 11 from Physics

EXAM | QUESTION PAPER
48 QUESTIONS FOR ENTRANCE EXAM FORM PHYSICS | VERY IMPORTANT
CLASS : 11

These are Probable Question asked in the Entrance Examination Held in renowned colleges(St. Xaviers, Budhanilkantha, SOS,..etc) in Nepal.
           
1. Total internal reflection can occur when lights passes from:
(a) a denser to rarer medium  
(b) a rarer to denser medium  
(c) one medium to another of equal refractive index 
(d) medium to another of equal absorption coefficient

Saturday, March 9, 2013

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Thermodynamics | Extra Reference | E-Book | Class 11

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE | EBOOK
DOWNLOAD HSEB NOTES ON THERMODYNAMICS | PHYSICS
CLASS : 11
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INTRODUCTION
We shall study the processes where work is converted into heat and vice versa. In winter, when we rub our palms together, we feel warmer; here work done in rubbing produces the ‘heat’. Conversely, in a steam engine, the ‘heat’ of the steam is used to do useful work in moving the pistons, which in turn rotate the wheels of the train. In physics, we need to define the notions of heat, temperature, work, etc. more carefully.

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Thermal Properties of Matter | Extra Reference | E-Book | Class 11

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE | E-BOOK
DOWNLOAD HSEB NOTES ON THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
CLASS : 11
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INTRODUCTION
We all have common-sense notions of heat and temperature. Temperature is a measure of ‘hotness’ of a body. A kettle with boiling water is hotter than a box containing ice. In physics, we need to define the notion of heat, temperature, etc., more carefully. In this chapter, you will learn what heat is and how it is measured, and study the various proceses by which heat flows from one body to another. Along the way, you will find out why blacksmiths heat the iron ring before fitting on the rim of a wooden wheel of a bullock cart and why the wind at the beach often reverses direction after the sun goes down. You will also learn what happens when water boils or freezes, and its temperature does not change during these processes even though a great deal of heat is flowing into or out of it.

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Mechanical Properties of Liquid(Fluid) | Extra Reference | E-Book | Class 11

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE | E-BOOK
DOWNLOAD HSEB NOTES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID (FLUID)
CLASS : 11
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INTRODUCTION
We shall study some common physical properties of liquids and gases. Liquids and gases can flow and are therefore, called fluids. It is this property that distinguishes liquids and gases from solids in a basic way. Fluids are everywhere around us. Earth has an envelop of air and two-thirds of its surface is covered with water. Water is not only necessary for our existence; every mammalian body constitute mostly of water. All the processes occurring in living beings including plants are mediated by fluids. Thus understanding the

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Mechanical Properties of Solids | Extra Reference | E-Book | Class 11

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE | E-BOOK
DOWNLOAD HSEB NOTES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SOLIDS
CLASS : 11
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INTRODUCTION
we studied the rotation of the bodies and then realized that the motion of a body depends on how mass is distributed within the body. We restricted ourselves to simpler situations of rigid bodies. A rigid body generally means a hard solid object having a definite shape and size. But in reality, bodies can be stretched, compressed and bent. Even the appreciably rigid steel bar can be deformed when a

Wednesday, March 6, 2013

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Work Energy and Power | Extra Reference | E-Book | Class 11

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE | E-BOOK
DOWNLOAD HSEB NOTES ON WORK, ENERGY AND POWER | PHYSICS
CLASS : 11
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INTRODUCTION
The terms ‘work’, ‘energy’ and ‘power’ are frequently used in everyday language. A farmer ploughing the field, a construction worker carrying bricks, a student studying for a competitive examination, an artist painting a beautiful landscape, all are said to be working. In physics, however, the word ‘Work’ covers a definite and precise meaning. Somebody who has the capacity to work for 14-16 hours a day is said to have a large stamina or energy. We admire a long distance runner for her stamina or energy. Energy is thus our capacity to do work. In Physics too, the term ‘energy’ is related to work in this sense, but as said above the term ‘work’

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Laws of Motion | Extra Reference | E-Book | Class 11

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE | E-BOOK
DOWNLOAD HSEB NOTES ON LAWS OF MOTION | PHYSICS
CLASS : 11
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INTRODUCTION
In the preceding Chapter, our concern was to describe the motion of a particle in space quantitatively. We saw that uniform motion needs the concept of velocity alone whereas non-uniform motion requires the concept of acceleration in addition. So far, we have not asked the question as to what governs the motion of bodies. In this chapter, we turn to this basic question. Let us first guess the answer based on our common experience. To move a football at rest, someone must kick it. To throw a stone upwards, one has to give it

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Motion in Plane | Scalar and Vector | Extra Reference | E-Book | Class 11

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE
DOWNLOAD HSEB NOTES ON MOTION IN PLANE | PHYSICS
CLASS : 11
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INTRODUCTION
In the last chapter we developed the concepts of position, displacement, velocity and acceleration that are needed to describe the motion of an object along a straight line. We found that the directional aspect of these quantities can be taken care of by + and – signs, as in one dimension only two directions are possible. But in order to describe motion of an object in two dimensions (a plane) or three dimensions (space), we need to use vectors to describe the abovementioned physical quantities. Therefore, it is first necessary to learn the

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Motion in Straight Line | Extra Reference | E-Book | Class 11

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE | EBOOK
DOWNLOAD HSEB NOTES ON MOTION IN STRAIGHT LINE | PHYSICS
CLASS : 11
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INTRODUCTION
Motion is common to everything in the universe. We walk, run and ride a bicycle. Even when we are sleeping, air moves into and out of our lungs and blood flows in arteries and. We see leaves falling from trees and water flowing down a dam. Automobiles and planes carry people from one place to the other. The earth rotates once every twenty-four hours and revolves round the sun once in a year. The sun itself is in motion in the Milky Way, which is again moving within its local group of galaxies. Motion is change in position of an object with time. How does the position change with time ? In this chapter, we shall learn how to describe motion. For this, we develop the concepts of velocity and acceleration. We shall confine ourselves to the

Tuesday, March 5, 2013

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Units and Measurement | Extra reference

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE
DOWNLOAD HSEB NOTES ON UNITS AND MEASUREMENT
CLASS : 11
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Introduction
Measurement of any physical quantity involves comparisonwith a certain basic, arbitrarily chosen, internationally accepted reference standard called unit. The result of a measurement of a physical quantity is expressed by a number (or numerical measure) accompanied by a unit. Although the number of physical quantities appears to be very large, we need only a limited number of units for expressing all the physical quantities, since they are interrelated with one another. The units for the fundamental or base quantities are called fundamental or base units. Theunits of all other physical quantities can be expressed as
 combinations of the base units. Such units obtained for the complete set of these units, both the base units and derived units, is known as the system of units.

Friday, March 1, 2013

HSEB Notes of Physics | Units and Measurement | Mechanics | Short Question Answer | Class 11

PHYSICS | HSEB NOTES | SHORT QUESTION ANSWER
UNIT 1 : MECHANICS
LESSON 1 : UNITS AND MEASUREMENT OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
CLASS : 11

Following are some question from Units and measurement :

Q.1. Can we tell the unit of a physical quantity from its dimension ?
Ans. => Yes, we can tell the unit of a physical quantity. For example, if a physical quantity has the dimension [MoLT-1], its SI-unit will be ms-1.

Q.2. Can dimension analysis tell you that a physical relation is completely right ?
Ans. => No. it can not tell the relation completely correct. It is because that the numerical factor in the relation can not be determined.

Q.3. What is the importance if base units ?
Ans. => There are seven base units in SI-units. All the physical quantities can be expressed in terms of there base units.

Q.4. Do all the constants carry dimension ?
Ans. => No, all the constants do not carry dimensions but some constants carry dimensions. For example : G is a constant which has a dimensiion.

Q.5. Does the measurement if a physical quantity depend upon the system if units used ?
Ams. => It does not depend on the system of units. There is only change in the numerical value of the physical quantity.

Q.6. Can a physical quantities have unit but is dimensionless ?
Ams. => Yes, it is possible to have unit but no dimension. For example angle has no dimension but has the uni of radian.

Q.7. Which physical quantities have the same dimension of [ML-1T-2] ?
Ans. => Stress, young’s modulus and pressure.

Monday, February 25, 2013

HSEB Notes of Physics | Teach Yourself Electricity And Electronic | Extra Reference

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE
TEACH YOURSELF ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONIC
CLASS : 11 AND 12
Writer : Stan Gibilisco
File type : PDF
Size : 5187 KB
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Preface
This book is for people who want to learn basic electricity, electronics, and communications concepts without taking a formal course. It can also serve as a classroom text. This third edition contains new material covering acoustics, audio, high-fidelity, robotics, and artificial intelligence. I recommend you start at the beginning of this book and go straight through.There are hundreds of quiz and test questions to fortify your knowledge and help you check your progress as you work your way along. There is a short multiple-choice quiz at the end of every chapter. You may (and should) refer to the chapter texts when taking these quizzes. When you think you’re ready, take the quiz, write down your answers, and then give your list of answers to a friend. Have the friend tell you your score, but not which questions you got wrong. The answers are listed in the back of the book. Stick with a chapter until you get most of the answers correct. Because you’re allowed to look at the text during quizzes, the questions are written so that you really have to think before you write down an answer. Some are rather difficult, but there are no trick questions. This book is divided into four major sections: Direct Current, Alternating Current, Basic Electronics, and Advanced Electronics and Related Technology. At the end of each section is a multiple-choice test. Take these tests when you’re done with the respective sections and have taken all the chapter quizzes. Don’t look back at the text when taking these tests. A satisfactory score is 37 answers correct. Again, answers are in the back of the book. There is a final exam at the end of the book. The questions are practical, mostly nonmathematical, and somewhat easier than those in the quizzes. The final exam contains questions drawn from all the chapters. Take this exam when you have finished all four sections, all four section tests, and all of the chapter quizzes. A satisfactory score is at least 75 percent correct answers. With the section tests and final exam, as with the quizzes, have a friend tell you your score without letting you know which questions you missed. That way, you will not subconsciously memorize the answers. You might want to take a test two or three times. When you have gotten a score that makes you happy, you can check to see where your knowledge is strong and where it can use some bolstering. It is not necessary to have a mathematical or scientific background to use this do-it-yourself course. Junior-high-school algebra, geometry, and physical science will suffice. I’ve tried to gradually introduce standard symbols and notations so it will be evident what they mean as you go. By the

Tuesday, February 19, 2013

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Magnetism | Extra Reference

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE
PHYSICS NOTES ON MAGNETISM
GRADE : 11
File Type : DOC
File Size : 133 KB
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Poles of bar magnet : Magnetic property is confined at the points at the ends of the bar magnet. These points are called poles. One of the poles always seeks geographic north, and other always seeks geographic south. The pole which always seeks geographic North Pole is called North pole and that always seeks geographic South Pole is called South pole. Effective length : The poles of a bar magnet just lie within its ends. The distance between the poles of a bar magnet is called effective length and is equal to 85% of real length. Magnetic axis: A straight line passing through poles of magnet is called magnetic axis. Magnetic equator: A straight line passing through mid point of the magnet perpendicular to magnetic axis is called magnetic equator.

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Magnetic field due to current | Extra Reference

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE
PHYSICS NOTES ON MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO CURRENT
CLASS : 11
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A Helmoholtz coil consists of two identical coaxial circular coils separated by the distance equal to the radius of the coil. The force is attractive if current is in same direction and repulsive if current is in opposite direction. Definition of Ampere :If force per unit length between two parallel conductor carrying equal current is 2 x 10-7 Nm-1, then current in each conductor is called one ampere current.

Monday, February 18, 2013

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Magnetic field and Force on Conductor | Extra Reference

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE
HSEB NOTES ON MAGNETIC FIELD AND FORCE ON CONDUCTOR
CLASS 11 AND 12
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Orested’s Discovery : A magnetic needle gets deflected when a current carrying conductor is place over it. It shows that when current flows in a conductor magnetic field is produced around it. This effect was discovered by Orested in 1820. Lines of forces around a long vertical current carrying conductor are concentric circles with the conductor at center. 
Direction of current and field :The direction of the lines of magnetic field produced by current is given by following rules: Maxwell’s Corkscrew Rule: If we imagine ourselves driving a corkscrew in the direction of the current, then the direction of rotation of corkscrew is the direction of the line so force.Right hand thumb rule: If the conductor is grasped by right hand with the thumb pointing in the direction of current, then grasping fingers point in the direction of magnetic lines of force. So, the direction of magnetic field at any point is normal to line going conductor and point and lies in the plane normal to the current. These rules show that :
  1.  If current points vertically upward from the plane of paper the lines of force are in anti clock wise sense and 
  2. If points inward then the lines of force are in clock wise sense

Saturday, February 16, 2013

HSEB Notes of Physics | Current Electricity | Extra Reference

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE
HSEB NOTES ON CURRENT ELECTRICITY
CLASS : 11 AND 12
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Ohm’s Law and its Application 
Ohm’s Law: Under constant Physical condition, current in a conductor is directly proportional to potential difference across its ends V = IR .Resistance: Resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length and its cross-sectional area. Specific resistance: It is defined as the resistance offered by a conductor of unit length and unit cross-section area. Unit of potential difference, current, resistance and resistivity.

Thursday, February 14, 2013

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Elementary Particles | Extra Reference

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE
PHYSICS NOTES ON ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
CLASS 11 AND 12
File Type : DOC
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Elementary Particles : The term elementary particles signify the particles of structureless and those can not be constructed from other particles. Present model of the constituents of matter is that they consist of fundamental point like, on a scale of 10-17 m, spin ½ fermions- the quarks with fractional electric charge and the leptons carrying zero or integral electric charge. Hence there are two types of fundamental fermions, called quarks and leptons, which are structuresless and point like. One of the important modern ideas of forces is that forces between particles arise from the exchange of particles.

Download HSEB Notes of Physics | Higher Secondary Physics | Extra Reference for Physics

PHYSICS | EXTRA REFERENCE
HIGHER SECONDARY PHYSICS
THE FREE HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE TEXT
Published date : Agust 5, 2005
By : FHSST Authors1
CLASS : 11 AND 12
File Type : PDF
Size : 2417 KB
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Saturday, February 9, 2013

HSEB Notes of Physics | Mad About Physics

Mad About Modern Physics : Braintwisters, Paradoxes, and Curiosities
Authors : Franklin Potter, Christopher Jargodzki
File Type : PDF
File Size : 3408 KB
Pages : 304

More mind-bending fun in physics
The sequel to the popular Mad About Physics, Mad About Modern Physics promises endless hours of entertaining, challenging fun. With detailed answers to hundreds of questions ("Are fluorescent lights dangerous to your health?", "What is a fuel cell?"), the book is also a treasure trove of fun science trivia. Featuring diagrams and illustrations throughout, this fascinating physics compendium will educate and captivate students, teachers, and science buffs alike.