System Development Concept | HSEB Notes of Computer Science Class 12

Chapter : One
System Development Concept
Subject : Computer Science
Class : 12

System: 

A system is a collection or arrangement of entries or things that work together to achieve one or more common goals. It can also be defined as, a set of components linked together according to a plan to achieve a specific objective. In a typical system one or more inputs are changed into a desired output. Systems may be made up of other smaller systems, which are called as Subsystems. Subsystems in turn are made up of other subsystems. For example: a Computer System is made up of number of subsystems, which are input subsystem, storage subsystem, processing subsystem and output subsystem.

Information System: 

Information system is as a system, which gathers and delivers information to the people in an organization. The purposes of Information Systems are to process input, maintain files and produce information and reports about the organization. An Information System, today, is considered as subsystem of business. An information system is a set of processes and procedures that transform data into information and knowledge. Information Systems consists of subsystems, including customized hardware and software along with data that’s central to the company or organization’s mission, trained users who knows how to use the system to serve customers better, and procedures that outline precisely how to accomplish a task without error. The five basic interacting components of any information system are; 

• Input: Capturing/accepting components that enter into the system to be processed. Example: raw data. 
• Process: Process that series of change to be done on information, to convert input into output. Example: data processing. 
• Output: Which produced by the transformation process to their ultimate destination. Example: reports 

Types of Information System: There are different types of Information Systems. They are: 

• Data Processing System (DPS): A DPS process transactions and produce reports. DPS represents the automation of basic, routine processing to support operations. Typical examples of DPS are payroll, inventory, financial accounting etc. 

• Management Information System (MIS): MIS can be defined as information system for providing information to support operations, management and decision-making. MIS utilize computer, procedures, analysis, planning, control, decision-making and a database. Users of MIS, normally, use a shared database. 

• Decision Support System (DSS): DSS supports decision makers by providing information on demand. DSS tends to be used in planning, analyzing alternatives and search for solutions. DSS is similar to MIS, in that, they both depend on a database as a source of data. DSS differs from MIS in that it emphasizes the support of decision making in all of its phases. Though, the actual decision is still in the hands of the decision maker. 

• Expert System (ES): Expert Systems capture the expertise of decision makers in solving problems. ES automates the decision-making process in a specific area, such as medical diagnoses or review of credit history for loan approvals.

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