Pages

▼

Thursday, March 7, 2013

Download HSEB Notes of Chemistry | Organic Chemistry Molecules | Extra Reference | E-Book | Class 12

CHEMISTRY | EXTRA REFERENCE
DOWNLOAD HSEB NOTES ON ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MOLECULES | CHEMISTRY
CLASS : 12
File Type : DOC
Size : 168 KB
Download

Click on "Download" to start downloading file.

What  is  organic  chemistry? 
Organic  substances  all  contain  carbon  atoms  and  organic  chemistry  can  therefore  be  thought  of  as  the  chemistry  of  carbon  compounds.    All  organic  compounds also contain hydrogen.  Compounds that contain only C C  and C H bonds  are  also  called  hydrocarbons.   In  addition  to  carbon  and  hydrogen,  organic  compounds  can  also  contain  oxygen,  nitrogen,  sulphur,  phosphorus  and halogen  atoms.  The  main  sources  of  carbon,  and  therefore  organic  compounds, are  fuels  such  as  coal,  petroleum  and  natural  gas.   (NOTE:  If  you're  going  to have  an  essay,  this  fact  could  go  in  the  essay  and  be  left  out  here.)


Unique  properties  of  carbon 
Carbon  has  some  unique  properties  that  are  important  to  the  understanding  of
organic  chemistry.

  • Carbon  has  four  valence  electrons  and  is  therefore  found  in  Group  IV  of the periodic table.  Carbon forms mainly covalent bonds which means that most  organic  compounds  are  non-polar  in  nature.   In  fact,  the  diference in  electronegativity  between  carbon  (2.5)  and  hydrogen  (2.1)  is  so  small that  C-H  bonds  are  almost  purely  covalent. 58 
  • Carbon  atoms  can  form  up  to  four  covalent  bonds  with  other  carbon atoms.    This  means  that  long  chain  structures  and  also  ring  structures may  be  formed.    The  chain  structures  can  either  be  (a)  straight  or  (b) branched: 

Download the file to read more...

Don't forget to download :
at

No comments:

Post a Comment

Don't forget to leave your comment.