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Thursday, March 7, 2013

Download HSEB Notes of Chemistry | Reaction Rate | Extra Reference | E-Book | Class 12

CHEMISTRY | EXTRA REFERENCE | E-BOOK
DOWNLOAD HSEB NOTES ON REACTION RATE | CHEMISTRY
CLASS : 12
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Factors  afecting  reaction  rates 
Several  factors  afect  the  rate  of  a  reaction. It  is  important  to  know  these factors  so  that  reaction  rates  can  be  controlled,  e.g.  to  improve  product  yields and  efciency  in  industrial  processes:


  1. nature  of  reactants:  substances  have  diferent  chemical  properties  and therefore  react  diferently  and  at  diferent  rates 
  2.  concentration  (or  pressure  in  the  case  of  gases):  as  the  concentration of  reactants  increases,  so  does  the  reaction  rate 
  3. temperature:   depending  on  the  type  of  reaction  (i.e.    endothermic  or exothermic)  increasing  the  temperature  can  speed  up  (endothermic)  or slow  down  (exothermic)  the  reaction  rate 
  4. catalyst:  adding  a  catalyst  will  increase  the  reaction  rate 
  5. surface   area   of   solid   reactants:    increasing  the  surface  area  of  the reactants  (e.g.    if  a  solid  reactant  is  finely  broken  up)  will  increase  the reaction  rate  because  there  is  more  area  for  the  reactants  to  touch  and react  with  each  other 
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